1.ABOUTTHEFILM

--Shows the true to British‘s past--experton British royal ceremony英國皇室禮儀專家

In case to cast and crew on set at Downton Abbey~~

The life of the people in downton abbey are aglory of rirual and grandeur.極盡奢華

The aristictocrats of Edwardian England and their servants lived by a very odd set of rules, a world away from the way we behave today.

Manners came into everything~

every detail mattered, it said who you were and where you belonged. were you from above stairs or below?

e.i.

you are a footman, and a footman wears gloves.

e.i.

-Don't call her "your Grace", callher "duchess".

-If I were to search for logic, I should not look for it among the English upper class.

The manners of DT, are not just about how to addressa duchess, or which knife and fork to pich up.

They're much more important than that. It's key to how these people lived.

Edwardian England was a time of great change. Both the industrial revolution and the great war has altered everything.

It seemed that centuries of tradition were all passing away. For the aristocracy, they felt they would lose all of it.

2.ALL THE MANNERS 各類禮儀

● HOW TO EAT

--The Edwardians liked to eat sumptuously. showing off was a part of it.

But it was not all about the glorious food.

·The ritual of the dining room was at the center of their lives.

"you sitting up straight, your evening gloves are on your lap, hidden under neath your napkin. you don't rest your hands on the table, you have to remember which course you're on for which wine."

red, water, white glasses

-"we always have three glasses, and there's the larger one for the red, slightly smaller for water, and then even smaller for the white wine."

-"the main thing I had to learn I think was posture, was this idea of sitting up straight.(absolutely bolt up right.)

The back of the chair was never for anyone to lean back on.

-that's purely decorative, and it's purely so that the footman has something to hold. Nannies used to put lnives here, to make children sit up straight.

understanding your cutlery was essential. failure to know your knives might lead to an embarrassing moment.

tea spoon, eggspoon, melonspoon ,grapefruit spoon, jam spoon, bouillon spoon (which is drunk from a smaller dish.)

-all the detail and sumptuous display and the manners reflect the struggle that they all have to achieve a similarly perfect moral approach to life.

·The immaculate presentation was a statement of moral correctness to all.

這種無可挑剔的禮儀是在展示道德的正確

-The Edwardians prized complexity. Perfection takes many hours, as it did for the Edwardian servants.

-Things have to be measured, so carson has arod with measurements on it, and that determines the place settings between each palce and the next, between the chair and the plate. everything is measured out precisely.

尺子用來測量盤子和刀叉，椅子和盤子之間的距離。一切都測量得精確。

-Each bulter would have a measuring stick to mark excatly where the table settings were in relation to each other.

-So,you'd start off by just taking the first mark and moving in the edge of the first knife. and then you'd be able to bring all the others in and then just bring it straight up to that line.

首先，確定一個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，然后移動第一把餐刀，接著是所有的，只要靠在這條直線上就行。

-They didn't use their fingers without gloves on because otherwise it would have left a mark on the silver. and on the measuring points, they should be absolutely equidistant.

-When it's all perfect, the last thing they did was take a certain length and bring the chair out.

·NOTHING SUCCEEDS LIKE EXCESS.

-the point of a sumptuous table was toimpress their guests.一場豪華盛宴就是為了讓客人贊嘆。

-downstairs，who served what was also are flection of where power lay.

樓下的仆人們來說，誰來上哪道菜反映出誰大權(quán)在握。

first footman always take the meat. second footman will bring out the second, the sort of the sidedish or the vag.

第一男仆上葷菜第二男仆上第二道菜，通常是佐菜或素菜。

-The footman should be invisible. nothing interferes with the sociability of the table.

男仆盡量沒有存在感，不打擾餐桌上的社交氛圍。

-No one ever takes a bite before the hostess dose.在女主人動刀叉之前，沒人敢動刀叉。

-She will decide which direction the conversation is going.她決定談話的方向。

-Turning in dinner,meaning that the conversation will start in aparticular direction.在用餐時轉(zhuǎn)身意味著可以開始與身邊的人進(jìn)行交談。

The apparently effortless ritual of the dining room disguised its true purpose. it was a place to influence, a place to exercise power,a place to find a husband.

這些看似不著痕跡的餐桌禮儀卻掩蓋著它的真實目的。餐廳是一個顯示聲望，展示權(quán)利之地，也是找的如意郎君的地方。

● HOW TO MARRY

--Marriage among the ruling classes of Great Britain was seldon about love, but it was always about power and land.

大不列顛統(tǒng)治階級的婚姻,很少與愛情相關(guān)，主要是以獲取權(quán)利和土地為目的。

Land must, above all, be kept in one piece.土地不可分割。

In order to give a man the income to live by and the right by which he could rule the country.以保證男性繼承人的收入來源和統(tǒng)治權(quán)力。

Women had absolutely no position or power until they were married, so they had to find a man who did.女人在結(jié)婚前沒有地位和權(quán)利，所以她們必須嫁個有權(quán)有勢的男人。

A young lady could not marry until she had been presented at court. it was the start of a busy year known as her "comingout".

年輕的貴族小姐要在宮廷里覲見陛下之后才能結(jié)親。覲見標(biāo)志著“成人禮”社交季的開始。

-You had a train over your hair, and the length of the train was absolutely, to a centimeter, controlled.

小姐們頭上要戴頭紗，而且頭紗的長度有嚴(yán)格的要求,誤差要在一厘米以內(nèi)。

-from shoulder to floor,trains measured no less than three yard.從肩到腳長度不少于三碼。

dressed up in white全身素白signified purity象征純潔

with your feathers頭飾羽毛

it's all really specific, how many feathers you have in your hair.羽毛數(shù)量也有講究，依人而定。

number of feathers said who was who羽毛數(shù)量暗示身份

-Unmarried young ladies wore two,married chaperones wore three未婚少女戴兩支已婚女性監(jiān)護(hù)人戴三支

-A young lady's presentation to the king and queen was herentry into society.覲見是正式進(jìn)入社交圈的開始。

It signaled she had the monarch's blessing as a suitable wife.它標(biāo)志著她已經(jīng)獲得君主的賜福，會成為一個賢德的妻子。

Burke's Peerage《伯客氏貴族系譜》--a list of every title daristoc

-a combination of background cherk and bloodline,a nessential tool for making a match.

·the system they trapped in was a set of rules.束縛他們的制度由一套規(guī)則構(gòu)成。

e.i.how little emotion you're allowed to show.

-you are not allowed to laugh, you're not allowed to love, certainly not allowed to cry.

·courtship is not permitted amongst servants

● HOW TO BEHAVE

·The rules they had to behave by were a mixture of straight forward practicality and fear.

他們遵循的行為規(guī)則有明確的實用性也暗含貴族的恐懼。

e.i.Just shake hands to express their emotions

e.i.You are my daughter and i love you, hard for british people to say these words.

The British hadn't always maintained as tiffupperlip.英國人倒不是一直都這么冷淡矜持

a centre yearlier, the passions of the French Revolutions oterrified the British aristocracy that a cool reserve become the definition of good character.法國大革命令英國貴族膽戰(zhàn)心驚，以至于他們將冷淡矜持推行為一種優(yōu)良品質(zhì)。

there was a very real fear that without formality, the authority of the aristocracy would slip and society would fall apart.他們恐懼沒有這種規(guī)矩約束，貴族的權(quán)威將不復(fù)存在，整個社會將分崩離析。

so,the aristocracy cultivated manners that protected their position.為了保住他們的地位

·Be very rude to be posh. So the rule was silent appreciation.

e.i.we don't say thank you for things.

when you're given a cup of tea, you wouldn't acknowledge the person who's giving it to you.

you pretend that they're not there.

貴族每天被服務(wù)30多次，每次都要說謝謝有點太多了==

e.i.the servants that pride themselves on being the best servants, are practically, you know, invisible in those moments.

the first rule of being a servant upstairs is discretion.第一條規(guī)則：要謹(jǐn)記的是守口如瓶。

terrified with scannal because the newspapers had just discovered how marketable gossip could be.緋聞的商機(jī)

for the first time, tittle-tattle wasn't just local; the whole country could suddenly know your shame.

the second is never to burden your master with your own problems.第二條規(guī)則：永遠(yuǎn)不要給你的主人添麻煩。

e.i.想懇求，想說“拜托了只要我能做的我都盡力去做?！钡珜嶋H上不能這么說，也不會這么說。

-Might i make a suggestion that when an extra footman is required, the costs could come out of my wages. 府上添置另外的仆人，傭金可以從我的工資里面扣

because i am very eager to stay, m'lord. very eager indeed.

-i mean to help until you find something.

there's a finality to that, that both men know.

"It would be unseemly, it would be crude to be emotional, and to impose that on somebody would put them in an awkward position."

展現(xiàn)情緒是粗魯?shù)牟坏皿w的，把自己的情緒強(qiáng)加給對方會使雙方進(jìn)退兩難。

e.i.Servants gives emotional support to their masters and mistresses.

If the servants face troubles, they'd probably face them alone.

e.i.For a working-classes woman, all she has was reputation.

·It's a strange relationship between servants and masters--very close but bound by rules.

-never ask a person nal question.

-never prompt a conversation.

-certainly wouldn't say anything judgmental about lordship's actions or thoughts.

● HOW TO DRESS

·Every detail meant something.

the aristocracy wore impractical, high-maintenance clothing that proclaimed privilege.

不實用，需要細(xì)心打理，但這顯示出貴族的特權(quán)。

--it sort of said, "i don't have to do any work and i have help putting this on."

--we are in charge.

ladies' dress was extra vagantly elaborate and guided by my riadrules.

you only wear a tiara if you're married.

you have to leave your gloves on like pre- and post-dinner.

traveling gloves and dinner gloves and riding gloves.

such dress codes began centuries earlier in the sumptuary laws.幾個世紀(jì)前的節(jié)約法令規(guī)定了一些著裝要求。

these originally forbade anyone but them obility from wearing things like furor silk.除了貴族其他人不準(zhǔn)穿毛皮和絲綢。

除了換衣服也做不了其他事情了

束胸衣

to freely move think talk eat do everything

·The clothes you wear alter the way you thinking

hats were terribly important. your hats said who you were.

if you were somewhere at the top of society--you were an aristocrat with a hugehouse--you were allowed to wear a top hat for smart occasions.出席正式場合可以戴大禮帽。

you'd wear whatever was comfortable because you had the money and the capability go through all

the different fashionable hats that were available, right down to the clothcap, which if you were a working class man is where you'd stay.布帽是工人階級的常見裝束。

a bowler hat圓頂禮帽

a trilby軟氈帽

·Partof their"going out of doors"routine.

You use it as a means of being polity,normally just doffed your hat at somebody對他人致意時只需用手碰一下帽檐out of courtesy, or a woman.

If you have conversation with someone of your own degree, you'd take yourhatoffandyou'dtalktothem.與同階層的人交談，需要脫下帽子與他們交談

● HOW TO MAKE MONEY

--They live off their land, and not having to find a job. The land made you money and life is good.

But their undisputed status as lords of the manor was threatened by men with new money

但是受封貴族們無可爭辯的地位受到了暴發(fā)戶們的威脅

:(ambitious men with pretentions to grandeur

派頭十足野心勃勃

new money was loud, strident and successful.)

暴發(fā)戶們是那些咋咋呼呼不可一世的成功人士

·the aristocracy had to counter this by labeling any mention of money as common.

談及金錢的話題當(dāng)做庸俗之舉。

貴族的威脅：

Grains upplies from North America drove down the value of crops,進(jìn)口糧食

tax reforms thearened inherited wealth.稅制改革

·Knowing your place was the first rule and the last.

it's the point from which all manners sprang.

it's wasn't just the lower orders who had to know where they belonged; the aristocrats had to get it right too.不僅僅是傭人，貴族行事也需符合身份

e.i.your mother derives satisfaction from her work at the hospital, some sense of self-worth.would you really deny the same to poor old Molesley?

And when you are master here,is the butler to be dismissed or the footman?解雇管家和男仆

we all have different parts to play. and we must all be allowed to play them.

·The key to the aristocrat's view of the world was not privilege; it was duty.

The point of an aristocrat was to be of use to the land he owned and its people.

It was the perfect balance between privilege and responsibility.

3.CONCLUTIONS

The real secret behind the manners of DT, and the thing we all wor so hard to get right is that for them, this was effortless.

每個國家的基礎(chǔ)禮儀深深地影響著國家氛圍與特色文化。例如此紀(jì)錄片中貴族孩子的養(yǎng)育方式，決定了英國 人與人心靈的隔閡感。這種隔閡感也體現(xiàn)在交流方式上，如同此片中提到的“英國人說出口的語言往往不是他們真正想表達(dá)的”、“美國人認(rèn)為新時代已至，想說什么不必憋著”等等。 不同階層需要掌握的禮儀規(guī)范是不一樣的。在貴族們?nèi)庋劭梢姷姆秶鷥?nèi)，一切都是井然有序、從容悠閑、高貴得體、容不得違反規(guī)則的；在其看不到的地方，則在相對較少的規(guī)范內(nèi)，充滿著為了貴族擁有貴族生活而付出的努力、各種細(xì)節(jié)與雞毛蒜皮，和偶爾的忙亂。 唐頓莊園中，樓上樓下分隔出了兩個世界。上層悠閑、美好卻遙遠(yuǎn)，下層忙碌而貼近生活。一戰(zhàn)后，階層壁壘逐漸松動，兩個世界相互靠近。當(dāng)今的世界正是這兩種截然不同的生活的融合，于我等來說似乎是一種好的變化。 和平盛世，可以過度關(guān)注藝術(shù)、外在的禮儀等等，而這種過度繁華中又會蘊(yùn)藏著亂世的火種。一旦戰(zhàn)爭開始，文明秩序會迅速退步，下一個新世界的規(guī)則開始建立。這種歷史周期不斷循環(huán)往復(fù)。

曾經(jīng)看過《唐頓莊園》原劇的第一集，沒能堅持看下去。于我而言，這個紀(jì)錄片似乎是懶得看原劇的絕好專題總結(jié)與替代品。